In: Int J Radiat Biol (1994 Feb) 65(2):263-6

Chutani SK Bordia A: The effect of fried versus raw garlic on fibrinolytic activity in man.

ATHEROSCLEROSIS 1981 Feb-Mar; 38(3-4):417-21

The effect of fried and raw garlic on blood fibrinolytic activity has been compared in 20 patients with ischaemic heart disease. Three blood samples were collected on the first day of the study and similarly on the 2nd and 7th days after garlic administration, either in raw or fried form. Fibrinolytic activity increased by 72% and 63% within 6 h of administration of raw or fried garlic, respectively. The elevated levels were maintained up to 12 h. In the second part of the study, raw or fried garlic was administered for 4 weeks to patients with ischaemic heart disease and fibrinolytic activity was measured at weekly intervals. It showed a sustained increase, rising to 84.8% at the end of 28th day when raw garlic was administered. Similarly, with fried garlic the rise was 72%. The study shows that: (i) both raw and fried garlic significantly enhance fibrinolytic activity (FA); (ii) garlic enhances FA within hours of administration; (iii) FA continues to rise with continued administration of garlic; (iv) frying removes the strong acrid smell of garlic, but preserves its useful effect on FA.

Dalvi RR

Alterations in hepatic phase I and phase II biotransformation enzymes by garlic oil in rats.

In: Toxicol Lett (1992 May) 60(3):299-305

Das T Choudhury A Sharma A Talukder G

Modification of clastogenicity of three known clastogens by garlic extract in mice in vivo.

In: Environ Mol Mutagen (1993) 21(4):383-8

A crude extract of Allium sativum (100 mg/kg b.w./day) was administered orally to Swiss albino mice with a normal diet for 30 days. Sodium arsenite, a known cytotoxic agent, was given subcutaneously in normal saline to mice (0.1 mg/kg b.w. = 1/50 of LD-50) on days 7, 14, 21 and 30 of experiments. Chromosomal studies were conducted on bone marrow preparations following the colchicine-air-drying Giemsa schedule. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations was significantly lower in animals maintained on crude plant extract as a dietary supplement during exposure to sodium arsenite as compared to those treated with arsenite alone. A crude extract of Allium sativum thus protects against the clastogenicity of sodium arsenite.

Deshpande RG Khan MB Bhat DA Navalkar RG

Inhibition of Mycobacterium avium complex isolates from AIDS patients by garlic (Allium sativum).

In: J Antimicrob Chemother (1993 Oct) 32(4):623-6

Dorant E van den Brandt PA Goldbohm RA Hermus RJ Sturmans F

Garlic and its significance for the prevention of cancer in humans: a critical view.

In: Br J Cancer (1993 Mar) 67(3):424-9

Recently published results of epidemiologic case-control studies inChina and Italy on gastric carcinoma in relation to diet suggest thatconsuming garlic may reduce the risk of gastric cancer. Chemicalconstituents of garlic have been tested for their inhibiting effecton carcinogenesis, using in vitro and in vivo models. In mostexperiments inhibition of tumour growth was established using freshgarlic extract, garlic compounds or synthetically prepared analogs.In this review the strengths and weaknesses of the experiments arediscussed and the outcomes are evaluated to assess the possiblesignificance of garlic or garlic compounds for the prevention ofcancer in humans. It is concluded that evidence from laboratoryexperiments and epidemiologic studies is presently not conclusive asto the preventive activity of garlic. However, the available evidencewarrants further research into the possible role of garlic in theprevention of cancer in humans.

Dorant E van den Brandt PA Goldbohm RA Hermus RJ Sturmans F

Agreement between interview data and a self-administered questionnaire on dietary supplement use.

In: Eur J Clin Nutr (1994 Mar) 48(3):180-8

Dwivedi C Rohlfs S Jarvis D Engineer FN

Chemoprevention of chemically induced skin tumor development by diallyl sulfide and diallyl disulfide.

In: Pharm Res (1992 Dec) 9(12):1668-70

Egen-Schwind C Eckard R Kemper FH

Metabolism of garlic constituents in the isolated perfused rat liver.

In: Planta Med (1992 Aug) 58(4):301-5

Eilat S Vered Z Mirelman D

[Influence of garlic on blood lipids and blood coagulation]

In: Harefuah (1993 Apr 1) 124(7):418-21

El-Bayoumy K Ip C Chae YH Upadhyaya P Lisk D Prokopczyk B

Mammary cancer chemoprevention by diallyl selenide, a novel organoselenium compound (Meeting abstract).

In: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res (1993) 34:A3322

el-Mofty MM Sakr SA Essawy A Abdel Gawad HS

Preventive action of garlic on aflatoxin B1-induced carcinogenesis in the toad Bufo regularis.

In: Nutr Cancer (1994) 21(1):95-100

Estrada CA Young MJ

Patient preferences for novel therapy: an N-of-1 trial of garlic in the treatment for hypertension.

In: J Gen Intern Med (1993 Nov) 8(11):619-21

Farbman KS Barnett ED Bolduc GR Klein JO

Antibacterial activity of garlic and onions: a historical perspective.

In: Pediatr Infect Dis J (1993 Jul) 12(7):613-4

Favaron-F; Castiglioni-C; Di-Lenna-P

Inhibition of some rot fungi polygalacturonases by Allium cepa L. and Allium porrum L. extracts.

Journal of Phytopathology (Berlin) 1993 139(3): 201-206

Extracts of Allium cepa and A. porrum contain factors that inhibit to various extents polygalacturonases (PGs) produced in vitro by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium moniliforme, Phoma terrestris, Sclerotium cepivorum, Macropbomina phaseolina, Didymella bryoniae and Phoma lycopersici. The PG inhibition rank changed using leek or onion extract. The inhibition factors are possibly proteins, do not present particular specificity and act against PGs of fungi pathogens and non pathogens for these plant species.

Fogarty M

Garlic's potential role in reducing heart disease.

In: Br J Clin Pract (1993 Mar-Apr) 47(2):64-5

Foushee DB Ruffin J Banerjee U: Garlic as a natural agent for the treatment of hypertension: a preliminary report.

CYTOBIOS 1982; 34(135-36):145-52

The major objective of this study was to re-evaluate the effects of garlic on blood pressure with respect to its ability to provoke a decrease in blood pressure and to determine the length of time that this decrease would require. Spontaneously hypertensive rats were given three doses of garlic extract (0.1 ml/kg, 0.25 ml/kg, and 0.5 ml/kg) by oral injection. The blood pressures of these ether- anaesthetized rats were measured immediately before the extract was given, and then 0.5, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h after the extract was given. A blood pressure measurement was also taken at 48 h after extract administration for the 0.5 ml/kg dose. The Gilson Duograph System was used to measure blood pressure by the tail-cuff method. There was a marked decrease in the systolic blood pressure of all of the rats after three doses and the decrease occurred within 30 min in each case. Even though the average decreases for the 0.1 ml/kg and the 0.25 ml/kg doses were calculated as 51, 25 mm Hg and 56.25 mm Hg, respectively, these doses were not sufficient to sustain the blood pressure in a normal range for more than 1 or 2 h. The 0.5 ml/kg dose, showing an average decrease of 65.7 mm Hg, was sufficient to provoke a decrease to a normal level and to sustain this decrease for up to 24 h. The results indicate that garlic is effective as a natural agent for the treatment of hypertension.

Fu N

[Antioxidant action of garlic oil and allitridi]

In: Chung Kuo I Hsueh Ko Hsueh Yuan Hsueh Pao (1993 Aug) 15(4):295-301

The lipid peroxidation and chemiluminescence (CL) of mouse livermitochondria induced by a Vc/FeSO4 reaction system was greatlyinhibited by garlic oil (GO) and allitridi (Alt) at 0.1 mg/ml. HpD-induced photohemolysis was moderately inhibited by garlic oil (25micrograms/ml) and allitridi (20 micrograms/ml). Allitridi (200micrograms/ml) effectively prevented inactivation of red cellmembrane acetylcholine sterase (AchEs) caused by .OH, and at 250micrograms/ml it markedly inhibited blood CL stimulated by crotonoil. Garlic oil (5 micrograms/ml) and allitridi (100 micrograms/ml)significantly increased O2-. production. Allitridi at 0.25 mg/ml and1 mg/ml enhanced lipid peroxidation of mitochondria and blood CLcaused by H2O2.

Gao YM Xie JY Piao YJ

[Ultrastructural observation of intratumoral neutrophils and macrophages induced by garlic oil]

In: Chung Kuo Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih (1993 Sep) 13(9):546-8, 518

Garty BZ

Garlic burns.

In: Pediatrics (1993 Mar) 91(3):658-9

Gebhardt R

Multiple inhibitory effects of garlic extracts on cholesterol biosynthesis in hepatocytes.

In: Lipids (1993 Jul) 28(7):613-9

Guo NL Lu DP Woods GL Reed E Zhou GZ Zhang LB Waldman RH

Demonstration of the anti-viral activity of garlic extract against human cytomegalovirus in vitro.

In: Chin Med J (Engl) (1993 Feb) 106(2):93-6

Gupta MK Mittal SR Mathur AK Bhan AK

Garlic--the other side of the coin [letter]

In: Int J Cardiol (1993 Mar) 38(3):333

Gupta-R; Sharma-N-K

Nematicidal properties of garlic, Allium sativum L.

Indian Journal of Nematology (1993) 21(1): 14-18

Nematicidal properties of garlic against Meloidogyne incognita have been studied. The aqueous extract of garlic bulbs suppressed the egg hatch from 88.64 to 98.88 percent at 0.05 to 10 percent concentrations, respectively. Cent percent nematodes larvae were killed at 5 percent concentration of the extract within 168h; whereas, only 61.33 percent larval kill was observed with the leaf extract at the same concentration and after the same interval of time. The distilled oil fraction of garlic proved highly toxic against the larvae of 8 ppm concentration. The dry clove powder at 5 percent concentration also killed cent percent larvae after 72 h.

Gwilt P Lear C Birt D Tempero M Grandjean A Ruddon R Nagel D

Modulation of human acetaminophen metabolism by garlic extract

In: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res (1993) 34:A3313

Han J

Highlights of the cancer chemoprevention studies in China.

In: Prev Med (1993 Sep) 22(5):712-22

Hanafy MS Shalaby SM el-Fouly MA Abd el-Aziz MI Soliman FA

Effect of garlic on lead contents in chicken tissues.

In: DTW Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr (1994 Apr) 101(4):157-8

Hatono S Velasco MA Palmer C Wargovich MJ

Chemopreventive activity of sulfur-containing compounds derived from garlic (Meeting abstract).

In: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res (1993) 34:A744

Heinle H Betz E

Effects of dietary garlic supplementation in a rat model on atherosclerosis.

In: Arzneimittelforschung (1994 May) 44(5):614-7

Holzgartner H Schmidt U Kuhn U

Comparison of the efficacy and tolerance of a garlic preparation vs. bezafibrate.

In: Arzneimittelforschung (1992 Dec) 42(12):1473-7

Hong JY Wang ZY Smith TJ Zhou S Shi S Pan J Yang CS

Inhibitory effects of diallyl sulfide on the metabolism and tumorigenicity of the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4- (methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in A/J mouse lung.

In: Carcinogenesis (1992 May) 13(5):901-4

Hong JY Wang ZY Smith TJ Zhou S Shi T Pan J Yang CS